在本项研究中，团队利用给癌细胞高效输送抗癌剂的抗体-药物复合体技术，研发出能选择性聚集到癌组织的活性氧探针。这种探针用绿色和红色两种荧光分子修饰能和癌细胞特有表面抗原结合的抗体，观察两种荧光的强度就能评估出癌细胞及周围过氧化氢（活性氧的一种）的量。借助这种探针，研究人员发现癌组织内存在过氧化氢高浓度积聚的热点区域。而在此热点区域肿瘤出芽现象高频发生。肿瘤出芽指癌细胞从原发肿瘤脱离，进入肿瘤基质的现象。肿瘤出芽指示着癌症转移的初期阶段。研究人员认为，从机制上说，暴露于过氧化氢的癌细胞通过部分激活上皮间质转化，从过氧化氢高浓度热点区域逃离。这种逃逸机制在正常上皮细胞中不存在，但在大多数癌症中普遍存在。它揭示了癌细胞内在的应激防御程序。研究团队认为，癌细胞为了躲避对自己有害的活性氧，迈出了转移的第一步。

The improved knowledge of molecular biology and mobile biology due to most cancers analysis has triggered new treatments for cancer considering that US President Richard Nixon declared the "War on Most cancers" in 1971.

The implications of Those people genetic variations to the biology in the mobile, equally in producing the defining properties of a most cancers cell and in facilitating supplemental genetic gatherings that bring about further progression of your cancer.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does in a roundabout way result in cancer but it causes immune deficiency which will magnify the danger as a result of other bacterial infections, often as much as quite a few thousandfold (in the case of Kaposi's sarcoma). Importantly, vaccination from the hepatitis B virus and also the human papillomavirus are actually proven to almost get rid of the potential risk of cancers attributable to these viruses in folks effectively vaccinated ahead of an infection.

Carcinoma: Cancers derived from epithelial cells. This group features many of the most common cancers and incorporate nearly all All those during the breast, prostate, lung, pancreas and colon. Many of these are on the adenocarcinoma form, which implies which the cancer has gland-like differentiation.

Doable harms with the screening examination: for instance, X-ray images contain exposure to most likely dangerous ionizing radiation

Chemotherapy is definitely the cure of most cancers with one or more cytotoxic anti-neoplastic medication (chemotherapeutic agents) as Section of a standardized routine. The phrase encompasses many different medicines, that happen to be divided into broad types for instance alkylating agents and antimetabolites.

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An extra mutation within an oncogene could bring about the mobile to reproduce much more swiftly and even more regularly than its ordinary counterparts.

会破坏正常组织；可有手术并发症，可致畸形、影响正常功能，甚至危及生命；已有转移者，不能完全治愈；重要器官无法彻底切除。

[238] Men and women from Asian and South American nations around the world also have a tendency to desire a slower, fewer candid method of disclosure than is idealized in the United States and Western Europe, and they believe that occasionally It might be preferable not to be told about a most cancers analysis.[238] In general, disclosure of the diagnosis is more popular than it absolutely was during the twentieth 癌症 century, but whole disclosure with the prognosis will not be made available to quite a few clients world wide.[238]

无法停止不受控制的细胞增长。正常细胞知道何时停止增长，因此每种类型的细胞都有合适的数量。癌细胞失去命令其何时停止增长的控制（肿瘤抑制基因）。肿瘤抑制基因的突变使癌细胞继续增长和积累。

询问患者起病情况、病程、家族史、既往病史、居住环境、个人习惯等信息。

準確的癌症分期與診斷對於癌症的治療相當重要，癌症治療的原則是先確立治療目標，主要目標則可分為治癒癌症、延長生命、減輕痛苦及安寧療護四大類，常見的治療方式有以下幾項。